ROS scavenging. Reduction of serum and urine urea and creatinine. Decrease of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 in renal tissues. Restoration of pro-inflammatory cytokines to normal in renal tissues and restoration of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers.41 Improvement in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and macular oedema in diabetic retinopathy patients due to protection from visible light.42 This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and macular retinal edema.