In the superior frontal gyrus medial segment, none of the endothelial cell activation markers were different between AD + MDD and AD only groups (ICAM-1: F1,34 = 0.072, p = 0.791 and VCAM-1: F1,34 = 0.422, p = 0.52, Fig. 1A–B), indicating that MDD did not have an additive effect in terms of endothelial inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and major depressive disorder.