It was demonstrated that the 3 up-regulated tsRNAs seemed to be most strongly associated with melanoma, breast cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, FoxO signaling pathway glioma, autophagy-animal, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, axon guidance, endocrine resistance, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer (Fig. 4A). Here, CD274 is linked to melanoma.