Moreover, administration of Tx14(A) peptide decreased astrocytic phagocytosis of PSD95 while increasing astroglia localization of GPR37L1 (Fig. 7J and K, Supplementary Fig. 11D and 11E), Lastly, in brain specimens collected from healthy individuals as well as PD patients, it was found that GFAP-positive astrocytes exhibited reduced expression levels of GPR37L1 in PD brains compared to healthy controls (Fig. 7L and M, Supplementary Fig. 11F). Here, GFAP is linked to Parkinson disease.