Existing evidence shows that in neurodegenerative diseases, activation of Nrf2 can alleviate neuronal damage caused by OS and aldehyde accumulation, as Nrf2 binding to ARE induces the expression of various antioxidant genes such as HO-1 and NQO1, thereby enhancing the scavenging of ROS or other free radicals (Egbujor et al. 2023). Here, HMOX1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.