reuteri GL-104 decreased fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles, and improved glucose tolerance in genetic diabetic-obese (db/db) mice with a mutation in the leptin receptor (Hsieh et al. 2020b) Additionally, L. reuteri GMNL-263 improved insulin responses and ameliorated hepatic steatosis in high fructose-fed rats (Hsieh et al. 2013). Here, INS is linked to fatty liver disease.