For example, TBK1 binds to TANK at the perinuclear region to induce the production of IFN during viral infections.[18] Conversely, TBK1 associates with OPTN in autophagosomes, playing a role in mitophagy under conditions of cellular stress.[19] Thus, focusing on the localization of TBK1 may provide insights into its unique substrates and functions. The gene discussed is TBK1; the disease is viral infectious disease.