AKT1 and cancer: Saponins have been reported to inhibit various signalling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, AKT/MAPK, EGFR/PI3K/AKT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and RNF6/AKT/mTOR, which leads to its cytotoxic and apoptotic properties on various cancer cell lines [45,46].