TLR3 and bacterial infectious disease: LPS is typically used to simulate bacterial infection [74], zymosan A mimics fungal pathogens and interacts with microglial TLR2 [75], poly (I:C) models viral particles and binds to TLR3 [76], and IFN-γ is a potent endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates IFN-γ receptors (IFNGR) and is known to be upregulated in several human neuropathologies [77,78].