CRYZ and cancer: In addition, there is increasing evidence that one of the main mechanisms by which many nutritional bioactive components, including carotenoids, contribute to reducing the risk of cancer development is the induction of the activity of detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR), which play an essential role in the initial detoxification stages of numerous potentially harmful xenobiotics.