VEGFA and cancer: It has been shown that the anti-cancer properties of propolis and related flavonoids can prevent VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in prostate cancer by downregulating VEGFR2 and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, as well as downregulating NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and HIF-1 [199,200,201].