For example, in vivo studies using nude mice injected with pancreatic cancer cells and treated with both curcumin and gemcitabine showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, Ki-67 proliferation index, NF-κB activation, and the expression of NF-κB gene products (such as cyclin D1, c-Myc, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl extra large (Bcl-xL), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (CIAP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), MMPs, and VEGF). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.