CD8A and neoplasm: We observed that NR-treated CD8+ T cells exhibited a greater ability to kill tumor cells compared to the non-NR-treated CD8+ T cells after co-culturing with Hepa1-6-Luc-OVA cells for 24 h under continuous stimulation with OVA(257–264) peptide (p < 0.05 at 1:1 ratio) (Figure 3B).