Notably, GC with up-regulation of gypican-3 in the CAFs has been shown to exhibit a poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the gypican-3 antibody restored the effect of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) blockage therapy in GC and increased the number of tumor-infiltrated CD8+ IFN-γ+ T cells [20]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.