The management of systemic and cerebral hyperglycemia and insulin resistance includes insulin or insulin-centric pharmaceuticals [21], although transient hypoglycemic episodes in the brain remain a major side effect of insulin therapies [21], stemming from distinct differences in the regulation of glucose uptake by insulin via the glucose transporter GLUT4 in peripheral versus cerebral tissues, which rely on GLUT1 and GLUT3. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.