INS and Hyperglycemia: The management of systemic and cerebral hyperglycemia and insulin resistance includes insulin or insulin-centric pharmaceuticals [21], although transient hypoglycemic episodes in the brain remain a major side effect of insulin therapies [21], stemming from distinct differences in the regulation of glucose uptake by insulin via the glucose transporter GLUT4 in peripheral versus cerebral tissues, which rely on GLUT1 and GLUT3.