It has been variously involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), glioma, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and drug-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), pointing to SLITRK5 being a potential new target for the treatment of several CNS diseases [52,53]. This evidence concerns the gene SLITRK5 and autism spectrum disorder.