TGFB1 and gingival overgrowth: Based on our findings, we postulate that the drug-induced activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages may potentially lead to a chronic condition favored by the continued recruitment of M2 macrophages: these cells secrete TGF-β [19], a cytokine capable of stimulating fibroblast proliferation and excessive deposition of ECM, elements typically observed in gingival overgrowth.