TNF and Obesity: As seen in this review and others, the literature abounds with studies that correlate severe forms of illness or even patient death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with host genetic factors, advanced age, male gender, comorbidities such as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, as well as elevated levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) or other serum biomarkers.