In the first attempt to recognise the key elements deregulated in GDM, we analysed the expression of the IL-1β receptor pathway (IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1), IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA), IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) (Figure 1A)) on placental explants from GDM and normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) women. This evidence concerns the gene IL1RN and gestational diabetes.