They found that a single 5 μg dose of IVT metformin reduced expression of several key SASP genes, such as Il6, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a, as well as decreased protein levels of IRE1α and NF-κB, highlighting the potential therapeutic effects of IVT metformin in retinopathy of prematurity. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and retinopathy of prematurity.