Furthermore, genes such as Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 8 (HSPA8), Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4), Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1), and HRas proto-oncogene, also known as GTPase (HRAS) play crucial roles in melanoma transformation, impacting melanogenesis, metastasis, melanocyte division, and apoptosis. Here, ESR1 is linked to melanoma.