SOX4 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Liu and colleagues [94] performed RNA-sequencing analysis of cardiac tissue specimens from patients with heart failure caused by dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and healthy donors to determine the RNA expression levels of 20 SOX genes and found that only the SOX4 and SOX8 RNA levels were significantly upregulated in the heart failure groups, irrespective of four SOX genes whose RNA expression levels were remarkably increased in the dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group compared to the healthy donor group [94].