Furthermore, in a competing risk regression model, the association between tumor response, assessed by calculated downstaging or by TRG, and risk for treatment failure, adjusted for treatment and including an interaction term between downstaging or TRG and treatment approach, confirms the significant association between downstaging or TRG and risk of TF, but neither treatment approach nor the interaction terms showed a significant association with treatment failure (Table 2 and Table 3). The gene discussed is TF; the disease is neoplasm.