Through screening of the HLA class I ligandome of primary NPM1-mutant AMLs, CD8+ T cells with reactivity against AML cells were isolated; from one of these clones, the T cell receptor was isolated and its retroviral transfer to CD8+ and CD4+ cells conferred specific recognition and lysis of NPM1-mutant AML cells [150]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.