CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia: To explore the possible mechanisms mediating resistance to CD123-CAR-T cells, these authors characterized the cytokines released during CAR-T cell therapy and observed the production of cytokines such as IL-6, IFN-γ, and G-CSF that promote CAR-T cell viability but do not affect AML cell viability but also other cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-3, and FLT3L that markedly increase AML cell viability and proliferation [152].