SFN also increased the content of the mediator STAT3, which is involved in colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer epithelial repair as well as inflammation processes [41], and it weakens the ability of LPS to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and pro-apoptotic caspases-3 and 9 [72]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.