AHR and colitis: Thirteen studies (k = 13) evaluated the effects of probiotics on AhR signaling in pathological conditions, including colitis (k = 10) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], celiac disease (k = 1) [26], NEC (k = 1) [27], and intestinal barrier damage (k = 1) [28], with Bifidobacterium emerging as the most commonly used genus (k = 4) [22,23,24,27].