However, in a preclinical investigation, E7389-LF showed immunomodulatory activity and the combination therapy, E7389-LF plus anti–PD-1 antibody, showed promising antitumor activity by improving the tumor microenvironment via vascular remodeling, which enhanced the activity of the cancer immunotherapy in the 4T1 breast cancer mouse model [9]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and breast cancer.