PIK3CA and cancer: Since the cancer was surrounded by non-tumourous epithelium clones carrying driver mutations such as PTEN (c.57del) and FBXW7 (c.1513C > T), PIK3CA (c.3132T > A) and NOTCH1 (c.4732_4734del), FBXW7 (c.1310G > T) and ATM (c.8806G > T), these combinations or genetic status alone might not be enough to transform the clones to premalignant or malignant neoplasms.