TNF and neoplasm: Increased hepatic inflammation in the hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice was also observed by an increase in the transcript levels for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the liver, e.g., TNFα, which has been implicated in tumor growth and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma [62], IFNα2, which is increased in obese patients with hepatic steatosis [63] and promotes the recruitment and activation of macrophages [64], and CCl2, which is a strong chemoattractant involved in macrophage recruitment and is a powerful initiator of inflammation [65].