In the current study, molecular and immunohistochemical investigations confirmed that VCN and VCN-AgNP administration significantly enhanced the apoptotic cascade in tumor cells, as indicated by the up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Casp-3 and by the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ESC tissues. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and neoplasm.