Targeting CypA with CsA displayed efficacy against chemoresistant CRC when paired with chemotherapeutics.119 Moreover, the overexpression of CypA led to the upregulation of drug metabolism and transport-related genes, such as IL-6, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3), microsomal glutathione transferase 1(MGST1) and glutathione S-transferase zeta 1(GSTZ1). The gene discussed is PPIA; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.