PPIA and cancer: Disruptions in this regulatory pathway can lead to a variety of diseases, like autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.109 Anti-apoptosis is deemed crucial for tumor growth, and enhancing sensitivity to apoptosis induction is viewed as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.110 There is mounting evidence that CypA plays a vital role in tumorigenesis through its anti-apoptotic actions.