CypA knockdown resulted in the inhibition of NSCLC cell motility and invasion.101 Similarly, stable RNA interference of CypA in breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells led to reduced migratory capacity.106 Subsequent experiments revealed that CypA promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The gene discussed is PPIA; the disease is breast cancer.