PPIA and non-small cell lung carcinoma: It has been revealed that CypA activates ERK1/2 but not p38 and JNK signals in H446 cells.90 Additionally, in NSCLS, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), it was found that an NSCLC cell line with characteristics of abnormal cells in the lung tissue, capable of invading and spreading to other parts of the body, had significantly higher levels of CypA expression compared to normal lung cell lines.