PDCD1 and cancer: However, in various cancers, especially in lung cancers, multiple stimulatory and inhibitory molecules have been found to be co‐expressed with PD‐1/PD‐L1, including lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG‐3), T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐3, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4).[4] Integrating additional immune checkpoints (ICPs) with PD‐L1 to enhance the prediction accuracy and treatment efficacy is of great clinical significance.