INS and atherosclerosis: In lower animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans and flies, inhibition of insulin signaling has been shown to suppress aging and extend lifespan, but in mammals including humans, diabetes, a condition in which insulin action is impaired in metabolism, increases the risk of aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, dementia, and sarcopenia, and if the condition is not adequately controlled, life expectancy is also thought to be shortened (3).