ALB and diabetes mellitus: Globally, several factors are associated with orthopedic SSIs, including low serum albumin levels (serum albumin < 36.7-41.6 g/L), high body mass index (BMI) (BMI > 28 kg/m2), smoking, open fractures, multiple fractures, contaminated wounds, the presence of surgical drains, diabetes, and surgeries in areas with deep-seated infections.