Ganguly et al. developed galactose-tailored poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with AP (AP-GAL-NPs) for active liver targeting to treat HCC and found that AP-GAL-NPs exhibited a better protective effect against HCC in rats evidenced by the significant reduction of nodule formation, downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and induction of apoptosis in the liver (Ganguly et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene GAL and hepatocellular carcinoma.