TNF and breast carcinoma: As proof of principle, Zhang et al. [2021] noted that the use of non-invasive, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) in mouse models of breast cancer at the ST36 acupoint reduced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), reducing inflammation locally, and enhanced antitumor immunity, measured by the proportion and cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, along with a decline in the accumulation and immunosuppressive activities of MDSCs.