IFNA1 and neoplasm: Ricon-Becker et al. [2021], in a study of patients with breast cancer awaiting surgery, suggested another mechanism by which vagal activity could improve cancer prognosis by activating monocytes as antigen presenting cells (APCs), to enhance tumor antigen presentation, thereby facilitating T-cell immune surveillance, as well as enhancing MCH-1 expression via IFNɣ on monocytes [Ricon-Becker et al., 2021].