To determine whether precancerous and cancer microenvironments exhibited gene expression profiles consistent with macrophage polarization, we assessed expression of select mammalian markers for M1 polarization (IL1B, IL6, TNF, CXCL11, NOS2, TNFRSF1B, IL12B, and CD40) and M2 polarization (IL10, MARCO, ARG1, ALOX5AP, MRC1/CD206, TGFB1, and CD36) (Fig. 4G). The gene discussed is ARG1; the disease is cancer.