For example, SMS2 is involved in physiological and pathological processes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (105), atopic dermatitis (106), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (107), depression (108), atherosclerosis (109, 110), pulmonary edema (111), colitis and colitis-associated cancer (112), middle cerebral artery occlusion (113), type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance and obesity) (74, 78, 114, 115) and liver steatosis (116). The gene discussed is SGMS2; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.