For example, SMS2 is involved in physiological and pathological processes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (105), atopic dermatitis (106), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (107), depression (108), atherosclerosis (109, 110), pulmonary edema (111), colitis and colitis-associated cancer (112), middle cerebral artery occlusion (113), type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance and obesity) (74, 78, 114, 115) and liver steatosis (116). Here, SGMS2 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.