For example, a single-cell RNA-seq study using MDS-patient-derived human iPSC organoids, which included BJ and GM06097 cells as well as additional MDS cell lines, and a CRISPR-knockout study provided molecular insights into (i) cell migration defects resulting from MDS-locus gene deletions such as PAFAH1B1, YWHAE and (ii) other genes that are regulators of cortical developmental malformation in MDS (ASPM, PAX6, SOX2, NDEL1, CTIP2) [21, 102]. The gene discussed is YWHAE; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.