In a previous study of 1000 individuals with type 2 diabetes and established CKD (eGFR 20–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 ) and anaemia, elevated NT-proBNP was found to be associated with the risk of incident end stage renal disease, and the association remained prognostically important after adjustment for eGFR, proteinuria and other known predictors of CKD progression [41]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is anemia (phenotype).