Clinical site, age, sex, race, education, income, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use. Obesity status (categorical variable with cut off at 30 kg/m2), kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate), 24-hour urinary protein, diabetes, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.