NPPB and metabolic syndrome: In addition to PCAT parameters, several demographic and lifestyle factors (age, gender, smoking, drinking), cardiometabolic risk factors (BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arrhythmia, FBG, TG, LDL-c, total cholesterol, uric acid, K+, and creatinine), as well as biomarkers of cardiovascular function and inflammation (BNP, D-dimer, and WBC), were also incorporated into the analysis.