Nevertheless, in addition to the cell-based models utilised in this study, the strongest evidence is provided by our analysis in patient samples, indicating the rs17632542 SNP dual association with PCa risk and metastasis; and highlights the functional differences in the Thr163 PSA expressing PCa cells compared to the Wt PSA, attributed through direct proteolysis of tissue-specific substrates or activation and perturbation of critical signalling pathways. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.