Moreover, we observed that genes related to cell division (EDNRB, CCND1, CCND2), Wnt signaling (DKK1, FRZB), and cell adhesion (CNTN5, NCAM1 (encoding CD56), PCDH9, CADM1) were significantly increased in individual patients (Fig. 7b), indicating that MM and its precursor stages can be grouped into different subtypes based on their gene expression. Here, CADM1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.