Study of murine macrophage behaviours in APAP ALI suggests that initial inflammation from APAP toxicity triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cell signalling molecules by KCs (e.g. IL-1α), resulting in chemoattraction of neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes into the niche, which further amplifies the level of inflammation, and contributes to the injury (Zhang et al. 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TBCE and acute respiratory distress syndrome.