For instance, overexpression of PD‐L1 induced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in non–small cell lung cancer reduces the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 treatment [37]; IL‐17A increases PD‐L1 expression via the p65/NRF1/miR‐15b‐5p axis, promoting resistance of CRC to PD‐1 antibody therapy [38]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and lung cancer.