TMEM97 and cancer: EGFR activation and multiple signaling pathways, such as the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway, the phospholipase C/pprotein kinase C(PLC/PKC)/NF-kB pathway, the trail RAS/RRAF/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and others, overexpress S2R in cancer, promoting cell proliferation and invasion [23].