DKK1 and infection: Given that recruitment of immune cells to the infection site is related to the expression of soluble chemotactic factors or signals released by cells in response to Leishmania parasites (53–55), we previously examined the possibility that Leishmania membrane components might play a role in neutrophil recruitment to the infection site and demonstrated that LPG-TLR2 (platelet) interaction was important to the initial (days 1-3) DKK1 release and PMN-Platelet aggregation.