In addition, the 95% ethanolic extract of betel leaves significantly decreased histamine and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, as well as inhibited exotoxin and IL-8 secretion in a TNF-α and IL-4-induced allergic reaction [14]. Here, CSF2 is linked to hypersensitivity reaction disease.