PIK3C3 and cancer: Jia et al. (2023) revealed that lactate connected autophagy and glycolysis through Vps34 lactylation, which further promoted autophagic flux and endolysosomal trafficking, ultimately leading to cancer progress. In recent years, gut microbiome has been recognized as an important factor in regulating the development of cancer via targeting lactate and lactylation pathways. For instance, bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide introduced histone lactylation on the promoter of LINC00152, thereby upregulating its expression and promoting tumor growth of CRC (Wang et al., 2022).