SOAT1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Furthermore, GSEA analysis revealed that MSR1 affects key immune regulatory pathways in obesity and THCA, such as natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, further confirming the multifunctionality of MSR1 in disease progression and its importance as a potential therapeutic target.